"-eska" meaning in All languages combined

See -eska on Wiktionary

Suffix [Tumbuka]

Etymology: Cognate with Chichewa -etsa (“causative suffix”), Swahili -esha (“causative suffix”) and Yao (Africa) -esya (“causative suffix”). Etymology templates: {{cog|ny|-etsa||causative suffix}} Chichewa -etsa (“causative suffix”), {{cog|sw|-esha||causative suffix}} Swahili -esha (“causative suffix”), {{cog|yao|-esya||causative suffix}} Yao (Africa) -esya (“causative suffix”) Head templates: {{head|tum|suffix|cat2=verb-forming suffixes}} -eska
  1. Causative suffix for verbs whose penultimate vowel is 'e' or 'o' Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--eska-tum-suffix-ftXkAVVQ Categories (other): Pages using catfix, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Tumbuka entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 55 45 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 55 45 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 48 52 Disambiguation of Tumbuka entries with incorrect language header: 48 52
  2. Causative suffix for monosyllabic verb stems Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--eska-tum-suffix-5jtDH9JE Categories (other): Pages using catfix, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Tumbuka entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 55 45 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 55 45 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 48 52 Disambiguation of Tumbuka entries with incorrect language header: 48 52
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: -iska (english: Causative suffix for verbs whose penultimate vowel is 'a', 'i' or 'u'.)
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ny",
        "2": "-etsa",
        "3": "",
        "4": "causative suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "Chichewa -etsa (“causative suffix”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sw",
        "2": "-esha",
        "3": "",
        "4": "causative suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "Swahili -esha (“causative suffix”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yao",
        "2": "-esya",
        "3": "",
        "4": "causative suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "Yao (Africa) -esya (“causative suffix”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognate with Chichewa -etsa (“causative suffix”), Swahili -esha (“causative suffix”) and Yao (Africa) -esya (“causative suffix”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tum",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-eska",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Tumbuka",
  "lang_code": "tum",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "Causative suffix for verbs whose penultimate vowel is 'a', 'i' or 'u'.",
      "translation": "Causative suffix for verbs whose penultimate vowel is 'a', 'i' or 'u'.",
      "word": "-iska"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tumbuka entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Causative suffix for verbs whose penultimate vowel is 'e' or 'o'"
      ],
      "id": "en--eska-tum-suffix-ftXkAVVQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "Causative suffix",
          "Appendix:Tumbuka verbal derivation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tumbuka entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Causative suffix for monosyllabic verb stems"
      ],
      "id": "en--eska-tum-suffix-5jtDH9JE",
      "links": [
        [
          "Causative suffix",
          "Appendix:Tumbuka verbal derivation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-eska"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Tumbuka entries with incorrect language header",
    "Tumbuka lemmas",
    "Tumbuka suffixes",
    "Tumbuka verb-forming suffixes"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ny",
        "2": "-etsa",
        "3": "",
        "4": "causative suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "Chichewa -etsa (“causative suffix”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sw",
        "2": "-esha",
        "3": "",
        "4": "causative suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "Swahili -esha (“causative suffix”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yao",
        "2": "-esya",
        "3": "",
        "4": "causative suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "Yao (Africa) -esya (“causative suffix”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognate with Chichewa -etsa (“causative suffix”), Swahili -esha (“causative suffix”) and Yao (Africa) -esya (“causative suffix”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tum",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-eska",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Tumbuka",
  "lang_code": "tum",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "Causative suffix for verbs whose penultimate vowel is 'a', 'i' or 'u'.",
      "translation": "Causative suffix for verbs whose penultimate vowel is 'a', 'i' or 'u'.",
      "word": "-iska"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Causative suffix for verbs whose penultimate vowel is 'e' or 'o'"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Causative suffix",
          "Appendix:Tumbuka verbal derivation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Causative suffix for monosyllabic verb stems"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Causative suffix",
          "Appendix:Tumbuka verbal derivation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-eska"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -eska meaning in All languages combined (1.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.